I thought this was an interesting project so I gave it a shot myself. I managed to draw the picture in just 44kb with better resolution.
The graph screen is just 265x165 pixels large. So the first thing I do is resize the image to fit those dimensions.
Next, the TI-84 Plus CE only has 14 color available for the graph screen. So we can quantize the image to only use those specific colors. This doesn't look very good on its own, so we use some dithering to give the illusion of a larger color palette.
Now that we have a picture using only TI-84 Plus CE colors, we need to convert this picture to data the calculator can understand. Each color on the calculator is represented by a number from 10-24.
Code: #0000ff -> 10 Blue
#ff0000 -> 11 Red
#000000 -> 12 Black
#ff00ff -> 13 Magenta
#009f00 -> 14 Green
#ff8f20 -> 15 Orange
#b62000 -> 16 Brown
#000086 -> 17 Navy
#0093ff -> 18 Light Blue
#ffff00 -> 19 Yellow
#ffffff -> 20 White
#e7e2e7 -> 21 Light Gray
#c7c3c7 -> 22 Medium Grey
#8f8b8f -> 23 Grey
#515551 -> 24 Dark Gray
We could create a string that stores each consecutive color's ID. (e.g. "Blue Green Red Grey" would be converted to "10131223")
Since we know there are 265*165 = 43725 pixels on the graph screen, and each color is represented by 2 numbers, we would need 87kb of data to draw the screen. However, there's a major optimization we can do. Instead of using TI's color IDs, we'll make our own IDs using only a single character. This will halve the required data! This is what I ended up using:
Code: #0000ff -> 0 Blue
#ff0000 -> 1 Red
#000000 -> 2 Black
#ff00ff -> 3 Magenta
#009f00 -> 4 Green
#ff8f20 -> 5 Orange
#b62000 -> 6 Brown
#000086 -> 7 Navy
#0093ff -> 8 Light Blue
#ffff00 -> 9 Yellow
#ffffff -> B White
#e7e2e7 -> C Light Gray
#c7c3c7 -> D Medium Grey
#8f8b8f -> F Grey
#515551 -> G Dark Gray
This means we only need 43kb of data to draw the same image on the screen. (e.g. "Blue Green Red Grey" would be converted to "041F")
We can make a TI-Basic program to interpret this data, and convert it back to TI's color IDs. This is the code I made. It's extremely slow at drawing (expect to wait 30+ minutes) but gets the job done: http://sc.cemetech.net/?hash=uXIfQh1kLSuqSEYdQ8uAXwGKfF1z
I also made a converter in C# that accepts an image then generates the TI-Basic code to draw the image: https://github.com/TheLastMillennial/SDPictureViewerConverter